Verb suffixes where root word is unchanged (-ing, -ed, -er)
‘un-‘ prefix to change meaning of adjectives/adverbs
To combine words to make sentences, including using ‘and’
Sequencing sentences to form short narratives
Separation of words with spaces
Sentence demarcation ( . ! ? )
Capital letters for names and pronoun ‘I’
Punctuation
Beginning to punctuate sentences using a capital letter and a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark
Using a capital letter for names of people, places, the days of the week, and the personal pronoun ‘I’.
Grammatical Terminology
Letter
Capital letter
Word
Singular
Plural
Sentence
Punctuation
Full stop
Question mark
Exclamation mark
Year 2
Vocabulary
Expanded noun phrases to describe and specify
Grammar
Sentences with different form: statement, question, exclamation, command
The present and past tenses correctly and consistently including the progressive form
Subordination (using when, if, that, or because) and co-ordination (using or, and or but)
Some features of written Standard English
Suffixes to form new words (-ful, -er, -ness)
Sentence demarcation
Commas in lists
Apostrophes for omission and singular possession
Punctuation
Learning how to use both familiar and new punctuation correctly, including full stop, capital letters, exclamation marks, question marks, commas for lists and apostrophes for contracted forms and the possessive (singular)
Grammatical Terminology
Noun
Noun phrase
Statement
Question
Exclamation
Command
Compound
Adjective
Verb
Suffix
Adverb
Tense (past, present)
Apostrophe
Comma
Year 3
Vocabulary
Extending the range of sentences with more than one clause by using a wider range of conjunctions, including when, if, because, although
Choosing nouns or pronouns appropriately for clarity and cohesion to avoid repetition
Using conjunctions, adverbs and prepositions to express time and cause (and place)
Grammar
Using the present perfect form of verbs in contrast to the past tense
Form nouns using prefixes (super-, anti-)
Use the correct form of ‘a’ or ‘an’
Word families based on common words (solve, solution, dissolve, insoluble)
Punctuation
Using and punctuating direct speech (i.e. inverted commas)
Grammatical Terminology
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Word family
Prefix
Clause
Subordinate clause
Direct speech
Consonant
Consonant letter
Vowel
Vowel letter
Inverted commas (or ‘speech marks’)
Year 4
Vocabulary
Extending the range of sentences with more than one clause by using a wider range of conjunctions, including when, if, because, although
Choosing nouns or pronouns appropriately for clarity and cohesion to avoid repetition
Grammar
Using fronted adverbials
Difference between plural and possessive –s
Standard English verb inflections (I did vs I done)
Extended noun phrases, including with prepositions
Appropriate choice of pronoun or noun to create cohesion
Punctuation
Using commas after fronted adverbials
Indicating possession by using the possessive apostrophe with singular and plural nouns
Using and punctuating direct speech (including punctuation within and surrounding inverted commas)
Grammatical Terminology
Determiner
Pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Adverbial
Year 5
Vocabulary
Use a thesaurus
Using expanded noun phrases to convey complicated information concisely
Using modal verbs or adverbs to indicate degrees of possibility
Grammar
Using the perfect form of verbs to mark relationships of time and cause
Using relative clauses beginning with who, which, where, when, whose, that or with an implied (i.e. omitted) relative pronoun
Converting nouns or adjectives into verbs
Verb prefixes
Devices to build cohesion, including adverbials of time, place and number
Punctuation
Using commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity in writing
Using brackets, dashes or commas to indicate parenthesis
Grammatical Terminology
Modal verb
Relative pronoun
Relative clause
Parenthesis
Bracket
Dash
Cohesion
Ambiguity
Year 6
Vocabulary
Use a thesaurus
Using expanded noun phrases to convey complicated information concisely
Using modal verbs or adverbs to indicate degrees of possibility
Grammar
Recognising vocabulary and structures that are appropriate for formal speech and writing, including subjunctive forms
Using passive verbs to affect the presentation of information in a sentence
Using the perfect form of verbs to mark relationships of time and cause
Differences in informal and formal language
Synonyms and antonyms
Further cohesive devices such as grammatical connections and adverbials
Use of ellipses
Punctuation
Using hyphens to avoid ambiguity
Using semicolons, colons or dashes to mark boundaries between independent clauses